Wikipedia
Wikipedia (/ˌwɪkɪˈpiːdiə/(About this sound tune in) WIK-I-PEE-dee-ə or/ˌwɪkiˈpiːdiə/(About this sound tune in) WIK-ee-PEE-dee-ə) is a free online reference book with the intend to enable anybody to alter articles.[3] Wikipedia is the biggest and most well known general reference chip away at the Internet,[4][5][6] and is positioned the fifth-most famous website.[7] Wikipedia is claimed by the charitable Wikimedia Foundation.[8][9][10]
Wikipedia was propelled on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.[11] Sanger begat its name,[12][13] a portmanteau of wiki[notes 4] and reference book. There was just the English-dialect form at first, yet comparable forms in different dialects immediately created, which vary in content and in altering hones. With 5,512,445 articles,[notes 5] the English Wikipedia is the biggest of the more than 290 Wikipedia reference books. In general, Wikipedia includes more than 40 million articles in 299 distinctive languages[15] and, as of February 2014, it had 18 billion site hits and almost 500 million novel guests each month.[16] The Wikipedia logo contains a fragmented round astound with each piece having an alternate glyph on it.
As of March 2017, Wikipedia has around 40,000 superb articles, known as Featured Articles and Good Articles, that cover essential topics.[17][18] In 2005, Nature distributed a companion audit looking at 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia, and found that Wikipedia's level of exactness moved toward that of Encyclopædia Britannica.[19] Time magazine expressed it was the strikingly open-entryway arrangement of enabling anybody to alter had made Wikipedia greatest and potentially the best reference book in the World and it was demonstration of exclusively the vision of Jimmy Wales.[20]
Wikipedia has been censured for supposedly displaying fundamental inclination, introducing a blend of "certainties, misleading statements, and some falsehoods",[21] and, in questionable themes, being liable to control and spin.[22]
Substance [hide]
1 History
1.1 Nupedia
1.2 Launch and early development
1.3 Milestones
2 Openness
2.1 Restrictions
2.2 Review of changes
2.3 Vandalism
3 Policies and laws
3.1 Content strategies and rules
4 Governance
4.1 Administrators
4.2 Dispute determination
5 Community
5.1 Diversity
6 Language releases
7 Critical gathering
7.1 Accuracy of substance
7.2 Quality of composing
7.3 Coverage of themes and foundational predisposition
7.4 Explicit substance
7.5 Privacy
7.6 Sexism
8 Operation
8.1 Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia development subsidiaries
8.2 Software operations and support
8.3 Automated altering
8.4 Wikiprojects, and evaluations of articles' significance and quality
8.5 Hardware operations and support
8.6 Internal research and operational advancement
8.7 Internal news distributions
9 Access to content
9.1 Content permitting
9.2 Methods of access
10 Cultural effect
10.1 Readership
10.2 Cultural hugeness
10.3 Sister undertakings – Wikimedia
10.4 Publishing
10.5 Scientific utilize
11 Related undertakings
12 Controversy
13 See too
14 References
14.1 Notes
15 Further perusing
15.1 Academic investigations
15.2 Books
15.3 Book surveys and different articles
16 External connections
History
Fundamental article: History of Wikipedia
Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger
Nupedia
Logo perusing "Nupedia.com the free reference book" in blue with vast starting "N"
Wikipedia initially created from another reference book venture called Nupedia
Other synergistic online reference books were endeavored before Wikipedia, however none were successful.[23]
Wikipedia started as a correlative task for Nupedia, a free online English-dialect reference book venture whose articles were composed by specialists and investigated under a formal process.[11] Nupedia was established on March 9, 2000, under the responsibility for, a web-based interface organization. Its primary figures were Jimmy Wales, the CEO of Bomis, and Larry Sanger, proofreader in-boss for Nupedia and later Wikipedia. Nupedia was authorized at first under its own particular Nupedia Open Content License, changing to the GNU Free Documentation License before Wikipedia's establishing at the asking of Richard Stallman.[24] Sanger and Wales established Wikipedia.[25][26] While Wales is credited with characterizing the objective of making an openly editable encyclopedia,[27][28] Sanger is credited with the system of utilizing a wiki to achieve that goal.[29] On January 10, 2001, Sanger proposed on the Nupedia mailing rundown to make a wiki as a "feeder" venture for Nupedia.[30]
File:How Wikipedia adds to free knowledge.webm
Wikipedia as per Simpleshow
Outside sound
The Great Book of Knowledge, Part 1, Ideas with Paul Kennedy, CBC, January 15, 2014
Dispatch and early development
Wikipedia was propelled on January 15, 2001, as a solitary English-dialect version at www.wikipedia.com,[31] and reported by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list.[27] Wikipedia's strategy of "unbiased purpose of-view"[32] was systematized in its first months. Something else, there were moderately few standards at first and Wikipedia worked autonomously of Nupedia.[27] Originally, Bomis proposed to make Wikipedia a business for profit.[33]
Wikipedia increased early supporters from Nupedia, Slashdot postings, and web crawler ordering. By August 8, 2001, Wikipedia had more than 8,000 articles.[34] On September 25, 2001, Wikipedia had more than 13,000 articles.[35] By the finish of 2001, it had developed to roughly 20,000 articles and 18 dialect versions. It had achieved 26 dialect releases by late 2002, 46 before the finish of 2003, and 161 by the last days of 2004.[36] Nupedia and Wikipedia existed together until the point that the previous' servers were brought down for all time in 2003, and its content was joined into Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia passed the characteristic of two million articles on September 9, 2007, making it the biggest reference book at any point collected, outperforming even the 1408 Yongle Encyclopedia, which had held the record for just about 600 years.[37]
Refering to fears of business publicizing and absence of control in Wikipedia, clients of the Spanish Wikipedia forked from Wikipedia to make the Enciclopedia Libre in February 2002.[38] These moves urged Wales to report that Wikipedia would not show commercials, and to change Wikipedia's space from wikipedia.com to wikipedia.org.[39]
Despite the fact that the English Wikipedia achieved three million articles in August 2009, the development of the version, as far as the quantities of articles and of benefactors, seems to have crested around mid 2007.[40] Around 1,800 articles were added day by day to the reference book in 2006; by 2013 that normal was about 800.[41] A group at the Palo Alto Research Center credited this easing back of development to the undertaking's expanding restrictiveness and protection from change.[42] Others propose that the development is leveling normally on the grounds that articles that could be called "low-hanging organic product"— themes that plainly justify an article—have just been made and developed extensively.[43][44][45]
In November 2009, an analyst at the Rey Juan Carlos University in Madrid (Spain) found that the English Wikipedia had lost 49,000 editors amid the initial three months of 2009; in correlation, the venture lost just 4,900 editors amid a similar period in 2008.[46][47] The Wall Street Journal refered to the variety of guidelines connected to altering and debate identified with such substance among the explanations behind this trend.[48] Wales questioned these cases in 2009, denying the decay and scrutinizing the approach of the study.[49] Two years after the fact, in 2011, Wales recognized the nearness of a slight decay, taking note of a reduction from "somewhat more than 36,000 essayists" in June 2010 to 35,800 in June 2011. In a similar meeting, Wales additionally guaranteed the quantity of editors was "steady and sustainable".[50] A 2013 article titled "The Decline of Wikipedia" in MIT's Technology Review scrutinized this claim. The article uncovered that since 2007, Wikipedia had lost 33% of the volunteer editors who refresh and amend the online reference book those still there have concentrated progressively on minutiae.[51] In July 2012, The Atlantic detailed that the quantity of chairmen is likewise in decline.[52] In the November 25, 2013, issue of New York magazine, Katherine Ward expressed "Wikipedia, the 6th most-utilized site, is confronting an inside crisis".[53]
Wikipedia power outage challenge SOPA on January 18, 2012
File:Wikipedia Edit 2014.webm
A limited time video of the Wikimedia Foundation that urges watchers to alter Wikipedia, for the most part exploring 2014 by means of Wikipedia content
Points of reference
In January 2007, Wikipedia entered out of the blue the main ten rundown of the most famous sites in the U.S., as per comScore Networks. With 42.9 million novel guests, Wikipedia was positioned number 9, outperforming The New York Times (#10) and Apple (#11). This denoted a critical increment over January 2006, when the rank was number 33, with Wikipedia accepting around 18.3 million interesting visitors.[54] As of March 2015, Wikipedia has rank 5[7][55] among sites as far as fame as per Alexa Internet. In 2014, it got 8 billion site visits each month.[56] On February 9, 2014, The New York Times announced that Wikipedia has 18 billion site visits and about 500 million interesting guests a month, "as indicated by the appraisals firm comScore."[16]
On January 18, 2012, the English Wikipedia took an interest in a progression of facilitated challenges two proposed laws in the United States Congress—the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA)— by passing out its pages for 24 hours.[57] More than 162 million individuals saw the power outage clarification page that incidentally supplanted Wikipedia content.[58][59]
Loveland and Reagle contend that, in process, Wikipedia takes after a long custom of recorded reference books that gathered enhancements piecemeal through "stigmergic accumulation".[60][61]
On January 20, 2014, Subodh Varma revealing for The Economic Times demonstrated that not just had Wikipedia's gro
Wikipedia was propelled on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger.[11] Sanger begat its name,[12][13] a portmanteau of wiki[notes 4] and reference book. There was just the English-dialect form at first, yet comparable forms in different dialects immediately created, which vary in content and in altering hones. With 5,512,445 articles,[notes 5] the English Wikipedia is the biggest of the more than 290 Wikipedia reference books. In general, Wikipedia includes more than 40 million articles in 299 distinctive languages[15] and, as of February 2014, it had 18 billion site hits and almost 500 million novel guests each month.[16] The Wikipedia logo contains a fragmented round astound with each piece having an alternate glyph on it.
As of March 2017, Wikipedia has around 40,000 superb articles, known as Featured Articles and Good Articles, that cover essential topics.[17][18] In 2005, Nature distributed a companion audit looking at 42 science articles from Encyclopædia Britannica and Wikipedia, and found that Wikipedia's level of exactness moved toward that of Encyclopædia Britannica.[19] Time magazine expressed it was the strikingly open-entryway arrangement of enabling anybody to alter had made Wikipedia greatest and potentially the best reference book in the World and it was demonstration of exclusively the vision of Jimmy Wales.[20]
Wikipedia has been censured for supposedly displaying fundamental inclination, introducing a blend of "certainties, misleading statements, and some falsehoods",[21] and, in questionable themes, being liable to control and spin.[22]
Substance [hide]
1 History
1.1 Nupedia
1.2 Launch and early development
1.3 Milestones
2 Openness
2.1 Restrictions
2.2 Review of changes
2.3 Vandalism
3 Policies and laws
3.1 Content strategies and rules
4 Governance
4.1 Administrators
4.2 Dispute determination
5 Community
5.1 Diversity
6 Language releases
7 Critical gathering
7.1 Accuracy of substance
7.2 Quality of composing
7.3 Coverage of themes and foundational predisposition
7.4 Explicit substance
7.5 Privacy
7.6 Sexism
8 Operation
8.1 Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia development subsidiaries
8.2 Software operations and support
8.3 Automated altering
8.4 Wikiprojects, and evaluations of articles' significance and quality
8.5 Hardware operations and support
8.6 Internal research and operational advancement
8.7 Internal news distributions
9 Access to content
9.1 Content permitting
9.2 Methods of access
10 Cultural effect
10.1 Readership
10.2 Cultural hugeness
10.3 Sister undertakings – Wikimedia
10.4 Publishing
10.5 Scientific utilize
11 Related undertakings
12 Controversy
13 See too
14 References
14.1 Notes
15 Further perusing
15.1 Academic investigations
15.2 Books
15.3 Book surveys and different articles
16 External connections
History
Fundamental article: History of Wikipedia
Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger
Nupedia
Logo perusing "Nupedia.com the free reference book" in blue with vast starting "N"
Wikipedia initially created from another reference book venture called Nupedia
Other synergistic online reference books were endeavored before Wikipedia, however none were successful.[23]
Wikipedia started as a correlative task for Nupedia, a free online English-dialect reference book venture whose articles were composed by specialists and investigated under a formal process.[11] Nupedia was established on March 9, 2000, under the responsibility for, a web-based interface organization. Its primary figures were Jimmy Wales, the CEO of Bomis, and Larry Sanger, proofreader in-boss for Nupedia and later Wikipedia. Nupedia was authorized at first under its own particular Nupedia Open Content License, changing to the GNU Free Documentation License before Wikipedia's establishing at the asking of Richard Stallman.[24] Sanger and Wales established Wikipedia.[25][26] While Wales is credited with characterizing the objective of making an openly editable encyclopedia,[27][28] Sanger is credited with the system of utilizing a wiki to achieve that goal.[29] On January 10, 2001, Sanger proposed on the Nupedia mailing rundown to make a wiki as a "feeder" venture for Nupedia.[30]
File:How Wikipedia adds to free knowledge.webm
Wikipedia as per Simpleshow
Outside sound
The Great Book of Knowledge, Part 1, Ideas with Paul Kennedy, CBC, January 15, 2014
Dispatch and early development
Wikipedia was propelled on January 15, 2001, as a solitary English-dialect version at www.wikipedia.com,[31] and reported by Sanger on the Nupedia mailing list.[27] Wikipedia's strategy of "unbiased purpose of-view"[32] was systematized in its first months. Something else, there were moderately few standards at first and Wikipedia worked autonomously of Nupedia.[27] Originally, Bomis proposed to make Wikipedia a business for profit.[33]
Wikipedia increased early supporters from Nupedia, Slashdot postings, and web crawler ordering. By August 8, 2001, Wikipedia had more than 8,000 articles.[34] On September 25, 2001, Wikipedia had more than 13,000 articles.[35] By the finish of 2001, it had developed to roughly 20,000 articles and 18 dialect versions. It had achieved 26 dialect releases by late 2002, 46 before the finish of 2003, and 161 by the last days of 2004.[36] Nupedia and Wikipedia existed together until the point that the previous' servers were brought down for all time in 2003, and its content was joined into Wikipedia. The English Wikipedia passed the characteristic of two million articles on September 9, 2007, making it the biggest reference book at any point collected, outperforming even the 1408 Yongle Encyclopedia, which had held the record for just about 600 years.[37]
Refering to fears of business publicizing and absence of control in Wikipedia, clients of the Spanish Wikipedia forked from Wikipedia to make the Enciclopedia Libre in February 2002.[38] These moves urged Wales to report that Wikipedia would not show commercials, and to change Wikipedia's space from wikipedia.com to wikipedia.org.[39]
Despite the fact that the English Wikipedia achieved three million articles in August 2009, the development of the version, as far as the quantities of articles and of benefactors, seems to have crested around mid 2007.[40] Around 1,800 articles were added day by day to the reference book in 2006; by 2013 that normal was about 800.[41] A group at the Palo Alto Research Center credited this easing back of development to the undertaking's expanding restrictiveness and protection from change.[42] Others propose that the development is leveling normally on the grounds that articles that could be called "low-hanging organic product"— themes that plainly justify an article—have just been made and developed extensively.[43][44][45]
In November 2009, an analyst at the Rey Juan Carlos University in Madrid (Spain) found that the English Wikipedia had lost 49,000 editors amid the initial three months of 2009; in correlation, the venture lost just 4,900 editors amid a similar period in 2008.[46][47] The Wall Street Journal refered to the variety of guidelines connected to altering and debate identified with such substance among the explanations behind this trend.[48] Wales questioned these cases in 2009, denying the decay and scrutinizing the approach of the study.[49] Two years after the fact, in 2011, Wales recognized the nearness of a slight decay, taking note of a reduction from "somewhat more than 36,000 essayists" in June 2010 to 35,800 in June 2011. In a similar meeting, Wales additionally guaranteed the quantity of editors was "steady and sustainable".[50] A 2013 article titled "The Decline of Wikipedia" in MIT's Technology Review scrutinized this claim. The article uncovered that since 2007, Wikipedia had lost 33% of the volunteer editors who refresh and amend the online reference book those still there have concentrated progressively on minutiae.[51] In July 2012, The Atlantic detailed that the quantity of chairmen is likewise in decline.[52] In the November 25, 2013, issue of New York magazine, Katherine Ward expressed "Wikipedia, the 6th most-utilized site, is confronting an inside crisis".[53]
Wikipedia power outage challenge SOPA on January 18, 2012
File:Wikipedia Edit 2014.webm
A limited time video of the Wikimedia Foundation that urges watchers to alter Wikipedia, for the most part exploring 2014 by means of Wikipedia content
Points of reference
In January 2007, Wikipedia entered out of the blue the main ten rundown of the most famous sites in the U.S., as per comScore Networks. With 42.9 million novel guests, Wikipedia was positioned number 9, outperforming The New York Times (#10) and Apple (#11). This denoted a critical increment over January 2006, when the rank was number 33, with Wikipedia accepting around 18.3 million interesting visitors.[54] As of March 2015, Wikipedia has rank 5[7][55] among sites as far as fame as per Alexa Internet. In 2014, it got 8 billion site visits each month.[56] On February 9, 2014, The New York Times announced that Wikipedia has 18 billion site visits and about 500 million interesting guests a month, "as indicated by the appraisals firm comScore."[16]
On January 18, 2012, the English Wikipedia took an interest in a progression of facilitated challenges two proposed laws in the United States Congress—the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA)— by passing out its pages for 24 hours.[57] More than 162 million individuals saw the power outage clarification page that incidentally supplanted Wikipedia content.[58][59]
Loveland and Reagle contend that, in process, Wikipedia takes after a long custom of recorded reference books that gathered enhancements piecemeal through "stigmergic accumulation".[60][61]
On January 20, 2014, Subodh Varma revealing for The Economic Times demonstrated that not just had Wikipedia's gro
Comments
Post a Comment